学会誌

　New Technology Based Firms（NTBFs） is well-known as the essential economic entity for 21st century and Japan has to develop them in to compete with other Western advanced countries and emerging countries such as China. In Japan, however, we can see “sporadic” establishments of NTBFs but “gregarious” area . where companies are b(no) orn one after another, grow rapidly and shape cluster.
　In this paper, I focus on Entrepreneurial Activities to consider what the key factor for NTBFs’ cluster shaping is. I adopt GEM model (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; international academic entrepreneurship research group) as a basic (static) model, and try to revise this to “gregarious (dynamic)” model by incorporating two factors, 1)”Resources Accessibility” such as Venture Capital, Consultant, Accounting firms and so on which have increased with the accumulation of start-ups in that region, 2) “Entrepreneurship Expectancy” which indicates people’s favorable impression to entrepreneurship and increases when people see their acquaintance’s start-up, forerunner’s good examples or mass media’s attention to entrepreneurship. These factors’ growth could trigger chain reactions for inspired following companies’ establishment. This dynamic model is applicable to NTBFs as well with taking some factors into consideration such as 1) an engineer is usually risk-avoider since he/she already holds a stable status, 2) engineer rarely has a capability of running company, 3) evaluation of technology’s commercial viability is very difficult, especially when the technology is innovative one.
　In conclusion, 1) Spin off and starting up new company is generally not rational selection for engineers under this high opportunity cost and high risk conditions in Japan, 2) This causes insufficient of “Resources Accessibility” and “Entrepreneurial Expectancy”, and these two problems should be taken care of immediately.